Supreme Court allows Trump to use controversial database to check voter citizenship
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The US Supreme Court has lifted restrictions on the Trump administration to use a controversial federal database that uses citizenship information and other sensitive data to identify voters suspected of being non-citizens.
美国最高法院取消了对特朗普政府使用有争议的联邦数据库的限制，该数据库使用公民信息和其他敏感数据来识别涉嫌非公民的选民。
Critics have questioned the reliability of the data, warning it could result in US citizens being wrongly removed from electoral rolls.
批评者质疑这些数据的可靠性，警告称这可能导致美国公民被错误地从选民名单中删除。
In June, a federal judge ruled that the system was illegal and violated the privacy rights of Americans.
六月，一名联邦法官裁定该系统非法，侵犯了美国人的隐私权。
But the top court's conservative majority ruled that the National Voter Registration Act prohibits broad purges of voter rolls in the weeks before an election, which limits any "potential impact" of the decision ahead of the midterms.
但最高法院的保守派多数裁定，《国家选民登记法》禁止在选举前几周对选民名册进行大范围的清洗，这限制了该决定在中期选举前的任何“潜在影响”。
But states can still check the citizenship of individual voters.
但各州仍然可以检查个人选民的公民身份。
The three liberal-leaning justices on the Supreme Court dissented from the majority decision.
最高法院的三名自由派法官对多数决定表示反对。
One of the dissenting Supreme Court justices, Ketanji Brown Jackson, expressed concern that this could mistakenly revoke the voting rights of eligible voters.
持异议的最高法院法官之一科坦吉·布朗·杰克逊(Ketanji Brown Jackson)表示担心这可能会错误地撤销合格选民的投票权。
"The harm caused by burdening or disenfranchising even a few lawful voters outweighs the non-existent harm that the government experiences when it is prevented from taking an action that it likely lacks the authority to take," she wrote.
她写道：“即使是少数合法选民的负担或被剥夺选举权所造成的伤害，也超过了政府因无法采取其可能无权采取的行动而遭受的根本不存在的伤害。”
The Department of Homeland Security programme, known as Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (Save), allows officials to verify the eligibility of voters on their rolls.
国土安全部的计划被称为“外国人权利系统验证”（Save），允许官员验证其名册上选民的资格。
The database was first created in 1986 to help officials verify the citizenship or immigration status of those applying for public benefits.
该数据库最初创建于 1986 年，旨在帮助官员核实申请公共福利的人的公民身份或移民身份。
But the Trump administration last year expanded its search capabilities by allowing bulk searches using sensitive information from Social Security rolls.
但特朗普政府去年扩大了搜索能力，允许使用社会保障名册中的敏感信息进行批量搜索。
In June, however, US District Judge Sparkle L Soonnan - a Biden-appointee - ruled that the revamped system shows that the federal government "knowingly trampled on the privacy rights" of US citizens "in a manner that threatens the sacred right to vote".
然而，6月，拜登任命的美国地区法官斯帕克尔·L·苏南(Sparkle L Soonnan)裁定，修改后的系统表明联邦政府“故意践踏”美国公民的隐私权，“以威胁神圣投票权的方式”。
A federal appeals court allowed her ruling to stand, only to be overridden by the Supreme Court on Friday.
联邦上诉法院维持了她的裁决，但周五被最高法院推翻。
The top court ruled that a 1996 law allows DHS to seek citizenship and immigration data from federal agencies, and has "an obligation to respond" to states seeking that information.
最高法院裁定，1996 年的一项法律允许国土安全部从联邦机构获取公民身份和移民数据，并“有义务对寻求这些信息的各州做出回应”。
The use of the Save programme by individual states is voluntary.
各个州对 Save 计划的使用是自愿的。
The previous judge's order, the Supreme Court ruled, "prevents the federal government from using the programme it believes is best suited to the task".
最高法院裁定，前任法官的命令“阻止联邦政府使用它认为最适合该任务的计划”。
Voting rights groups called the ruling "profoundly disappointing".
投票权组织称这一裁决“非常令人失望”。
"...it puts millions of Americans at risk of being unlawfully targeted by the administration's unreliable voter purge database weeks before the midterm elections," the League of Women Voters, the lead plaintiff in the case, said in a statement.
该案的主要原告女性选民联盟在一份声明中表示：“......这使数百万美国人面临在中期选举前几周成为政府不可靠的选民清洗数据库非法目标的风险。”
"We will be doing everything in our power to protect Americans' voting and privacy rights by ensuring that the district court decision stands," it said.
声明称：“我们将尽一切努力确保地区法院的裁决成立，保护美国人的投票权和隐私权。”
Lawyers for the Trump administration have long argued that the system is lawful and necessary to prevent non-citizens from voting. A total of 27 states currently use the system to check voter citizenship.
特朗普政府的律师长期以来一直认为，该制度对于防止非公民投票是合法且必要的。 目前共有 27 个州使用该系统来检查选民的公民身份。
Critics, however, have pointed to a number of cases of the system already having led to mistakes.
然而，批评者指出，该系统的许多案例已经导致了错误。
For example, officials in Travis County, Texas, found that of nearly 100 voters identified as non-citizens, at least 10% of them - and potentially more - were US citizens, according to US media reports.
例如，据美国媒体报道，得克萨斯州特拉维斯县的官员发现，在近 100 名非公民选民中，至少 10%（甚至可能更多）是美国公民。
Since the state began checking its voter rolls with the Save system last year, only three non-citizen voters have been charged with illegally voting in Texas.
自从该州去年开始使用 Save 系统检查选民名册以来，德克萨斯州只有三名非公民选民被指控非法投票。
Some states, like Georgia, have worked with the government on the Save programme.
乔治亚州等一些州已与政府合作实施“拯救”计划。
Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, a Republican, has touted his office's work with the programme and his recommendations to improve the system.
佐治亚州国务卿布拉德·拉芬斯佩格（共和党人）宣传了他的办公室在该计划方面的工作以及他改进该系统的建议。
Raffensperger told the BBC his office thoroughly vetted the government-provided data to determine whether flagged individuals were non-citizens, even interviewsing some of the voters in question to ensure accuracy.
拉芬斯佩格告诉英国广播公司，他的办公室彻底审查了政府提供的数据，以确定被标记的个人是否是非公民，甚至采访了一些相关选民以确保准确性。
"There's always guardrails in place, to make sure that we never denied the right to vote," Raffensperger said.
拉芬斯佩格说：“总是有适当的护栏，以确保我们永远不会剥夺投票权。”
Since returning to the White House in January last year, the Trump administration has sought to reform the US electoral system, a process that has included a bid - rejected by the Supreme Court - to reign in mail-in ballots.
自去年一月重返白宫以来，特朗普政府一直寻求改革美国选举制度，其中包括试图控制邮寄选票，但被最高法院驳回。
In 2024, for example, Texas Governor Greg Abbott announced that 1,930 people with a "voter history" had been removed from electoral rolls out of a total of nearly 18 million registered voters.
例如，2024 年，德克萨斯州州长格雷格·阿博特 (Greg Abbott) 宣布，在近 1800 万登记选民中，有 1,930 名有“选民历史”的人已从选民名册中除名。
The figures are far below the hundreds of thousands of non-citizen voters that Trump and the Department of Homeland Security have previously suggested were on voter rolls.
这些数字远远低于特朗普和国土安全部此前暗示的选民名册上的数十万非公民选民。
Kayla Epstein contributed to this report.
凯拉·爱泼斯坦为本报告做出了贡献。
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