Skyscrapers, Made in America
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Skyscrapers were invented in the United States.
摩天大楼起源于美国。
Two new technological developments made very tall buildings possible in the late 1800s. One development was the mechanical elevator. It meant that people would not have to climb many steps to reach the upper floors of tall buildings. It saved time and effort.
两项新的技术发展使得19世纪末建造非常高的建筑成为可能。 其中一项发展是机械电梯。 这意味着人们无需爬上太多台阶就能到达高楼的上层。 这节省了时间和精力。
The second was good quality steel that could carry the heavy load of a tall structure. These two developments helped make the skyscraper possible.
第二种是高品质钢材，能够承受高大建筑的重载。 这两项发展促成了摩天大楼的建造。
Many experts consider the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois to be the first skyscraper. It was completed in 1885 and later increased to a height of 55 meters. Today, this would not be considered tall. But at the time, this height was striking.
许多专家认为伊利诺伊州芝加哥的住宅保险大楼是第一座摩天大楼。 它于1885年完工，后来高度提升至55米。 如今，这已不算高。 但当时，这个高度非常引人注目。
What was different about the Home Insurance Building was its structure. It was built using a steel frame.
房屋保险大楼的不同之处在于其结构。 它采用钢架建造。
This frame carried the weight of the building rather than the walls. The method was known as “skeleton construction” at the time. Before this technology, a tall building required thick stone walls to support its weight. Thick walls are extremely heavy and take up a big area that could be used for floor space or windows.
这个框架承载的是建筑物的重量，而非墙体。 当时这种方法被称为"骨架结构"。 在这项技术出现之前，高楼需要厚实的石墙来支撑其重量。 厚墙非常重，占据了很大面积，本可以用来做地板或窗户。
William Jenney was the engineer who helped build the Home Insurance Building. He understood the possibilities that steel frames could offer. Some people consider him the father of the skyscraper.
威廉·詹尼是协助建造家庭保险大楼的工程师。 他理解钢架所带来的可能性。 有人认为他是摩天大楼的奠基人。
Soon after the building was finished, builders in Chicago and New York City began copying and improving on the idea of building upwards. Builders in these cities and others would also begin competing for the title of “tallest building.” Popular tall buildings The Empire State building in New York City was completed in 1931.
建筑完工后不久，芝加哥和纽约市的建筑商开始模仿并改进向上建造的理念。 这些城市及其他城市的建筑商也开始争夺"最高建筑"的称号。 著名高层建筑 纽约市的帝国大厦于1931年竣工。
It was the tallest building in the world for more than 40 years.
40多年来，它一直是世界上最高的建筑。
It is still one of the most popular. Millions of visitors have seen New York from observation areas in this building. Chicago became home to the world’s tallest building in 1973 when the Sears Tower was completed. It is 442 meters tall.
它至今仍是最受欢迎的之一。 数以百万计的游客从这座建筑的观察区看到了纽约。 1973年西尔斯大厦建成后，芝加哥成为世界最高建筑的所在地。 它高442米。
The Sears Tower, which is now called Willis Tower, was the tallest building in the world for 23 years. Then, in 1996, two taller buildings were completed. They are the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. They are about 452 meters tall. Who decides on the tallest buildings? The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) is a nonprofit organization based in Chicago that studies tall buildings and their place in the design of cities.
西尔斯大厦，现在被称为威利斯大厦，是世界上最高的建筑23年。 然后，在1996年，两座更高的建筑物完工。 它们是马来西亚吉隆坡的国油双峰塔。 他们高约452米。 谁决定最高的建筑物？ 高层建筑与城市栖息地委员会（CTBUH）是一家总部位于芝加哥的非营利组织，致力于研究高层建筑及其在城市设计中的地位。
CTBUH supports tall buildings as a way to create more sustainable cities to live in.
CTBUH支持高层建筑，以打造更可持续的居住城市。
The group publishes a list of the world’s tallest buildings. Today, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai is considered the tallest building at 828 meters. The tallest building in the United States and North America is One World Trade Center in New York, which replaced the two towers of the World Trade Center destroyed in the terrorist attacks against the United States in 2001. One World Trade Center stands at 541 meters.
该组织发布了世界最高建筑的名单。 如今，迪拜的哈利法塔被认为是最高的建筑，海拔828米。 美国和北美最高的建筑是纽约的世界贸易中心一号，它取代了2001年美国遭受恐怖袭击摧毁的世界贸易中心的两座大楼。 世贸中心一号海拔541米。
Jerilyn Watson reported this story for VOA Learning English. Jill Robbins adapted it for VOA Learning English with additional materials. ______________________________________________________ frame –n.
杰里琳·沃森为美国之音学习英语频道报道了这则新闻。 吉尔·罗宾斯为美国之音《Learning English》进行了改编，并附上了额外资料。 ______________________________________________________ 帧 –n。
a structure, usually made of wood or steel, that carries the load of a building sustainable – adj. involving methods that do not completely use up or destroy natural resources What do you think of this story?
一种通常由木材或钢材制成的结构，用于承载建筑物的负荷 可持续性——形容词。 涉及不完全消耗或破坏自然资源的方法 你怎么看这个故事？
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