Knee Jerk and Gut Reactions: When We Are Not in Control
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And now, Words and Their Stories, from VOA Learning English.
现在，来自美国之音学习英语的单词和它们的故事。
In life, some of our decisions and actions are well thought out. They involve research, examination, and time for thought. And other decisions and actions are not well thought out. We make them quickly, without thinking, almost like a pure physical reaction.
在生活中，我们的一些决定和行动都是经过深思熟虑的。 它们涉及研究、检查和思考时间。 其他决定和行动也没有经过深思熟虑。 我们不假思索地快速制作它们，几乎就像纯粹的物理反应。
We can call these decisions, actions or reactions knee-jerk.
我们可以称这些决定、行动或反应是下意识的。
This term comes from a medical process. Meriam Webster defines the noun "knee jerk" as “an involuntary forward kick produced by a light blow on the tendon below the kneecap.” It is an involuntary action. It's automatic.
这个术语来自医疗过程。 梅里亚姆·韦伯斯特（Meriam Webster）将名词“膝跳”定义为“膝盖骨下方的肌腱受到轻微打击而产生的不自觉的前踢”。这是一种非自愿的行为。 这是自动的。
The words “involuntary” and “automatic” are important when understanding the term “knee jerk” and when to use it. Knee-jerk reactions seem to happen automatically without a decision-making process.
在理解“膝跳反射”一词以及何时使用它时，“非自愿”和“自动”这两个词很重要。 下意识的反应似乎是自动发生的，无需决策过程。
We often use “knee jerk” as an adjective.
我们经常使用“膝跳反射”作为形容词。
Like hitting your kneecap to move your leg, knee-jerk reactions or statements also seem like an involuntary reflex.
就像敲击膝盖来移动腿一样，下意识的反应或陈述似乎也是一种不自觉的反射。
"Knee jerk" also describes predictable behavior. Again, hit the knee, the leg will kick every time. So "knee jerk" describes someone who always reacts quickly and without enough thought.
“下意识反应”也描述了可预测的行为。 再次击打膝盖，每次都会踢腿。 所以“膝跳反应”形容的是一个人总是反应很快，没有经过足够的思考。
For example, let’s say you are on a team with someone who never faces responsibility for their mistakes in the game. If brought to account, the player always blames the dropped ball on other teammates. You can say that player is having a knee-jerk reaction to criticism. They have a go-to response. It’s like a reflex they can’t control.
例如，假设您所在的团队中的某个人从不为自己在游戏中的错误承担责任。 如果追究责任，球员总是将丢球归咎于其他队友。 你可以说玩家对批评有下意识的反应。 他们有一个首选响应。 这就像他们无法控制的条件反射。
We often use knee-jerk in a criticizing or negative way.
我们经常以批评或消极的方式使用下意识的方式。
Now, a gut reaction also happens without thinking. But it is a bit different than a knee-jerk response. A gut reaction is a feeling. When we have a gut reaction, our instincts are telling us that something may not be right. Gut reactions are instinctual warnings.
现在，本能反应也会不假思索地发生。 但这与下意识的反应有点不同。 直觉反应是一种感觉。 当我们有本能反应时，我们的直觉告诉我们有些事情可能不对。 直觉反应是本能的警告。
So, we also use this expression a bit differently than "knee jerk." We usually talk about our own gut reactions or impulses, not others. One day, I was hiking on a mountain in California.
因此，我们使用这个表达方式也与“下意识”有所不同。我们通常谈论自己的本能反应或冲动，而不是别人。 有一天，我在加利福尼亚州的一座山上徒步旅行。
I had hiked for about two hours and was near the top. The view, I was told, was truly beautiful. I couldn’t wait to see it! Then, suddenly, I had a strange feeling. Something just didn’t feel right. I can’t explain why, but my gut instinct was to turn around and head back down the mountain. I later found out that a dangerous bear had been sighted in the same area that I had fled. I am so thankful I listened to my gut instinct. And that’s Words and Their Stories.
我徒步了大约两个小时，已经接近山顶了。 有人告诉我，景色真的很美。 我迫不及待地想看它！ 然后，突然，我有一种奇怪的感觉。 只是感觉有些不对劲。 我无法解释为什么，但我的直觉是转身下山。 后来我发现在我逃离的同一地区发现了一只危险的熊。 我很感激我听从了自己的直觉。 这就是《言语及其故事》。
Until next time, I’m Anna Matteo. Anna Matteo wrote this story for VOA Learning English. __________________________________________ involuntary -adj.
下次再见，我是安娜·马特奥。 安娜·马特奥 (Anna Matteo) 为美国之音英语学习频道撰写了这个故事。 __________________________________________ 不自觉的-adj.
not normally under the control of the will automatic -adj.
通常不受意志控制 自动-adj.
largely or wholly involuntary :acting or done without conscious thought or intention reflex -n.
很大程度上或完全非自愿：没有有意识的思考或意图的行为或完成 反射-n.
an automatic response to a stimulus in which a nerve message passes from a sense organ to the spinal cord and then to a point of action (as a muscle or gland) often without first passing to the brain negative -adj.
对刺激的自动反应，其中神经信息从感觉器官传递到脊髓，然后传递到作用点（如肌肉或腺体），通常不首先传递到大脑 消极的-adj.
not positive or helpful instinct -n.
不积极或没有帮助 本能-n.
behavior that is based on automatic actions
基于自动操作的行为
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