How Israel is expanding settlements in drive to reshape West Bank
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It was during a ceremony at a settlement in the occupied West Bank last September that Israel's prime minister made his intentions clear. "We are going to fulfill our promise that there will be no Palestinian state," said Benjamin Netanyahu. "This place belongs to us."
去年九月，在被占领的约旦河西岸定居点举行的仪式上，以色列总理明确表达了他的意图。 本杰明·内塔尼亚胡说：“我们将履行我们的承诺，不再有巴勒斯坦国。” “这个地方是我们的。”
He was signing an agreement to push ahead with the expansion of a settlement in an area known as E1, just to the east of Jerusalem.
他正在签署一项协议，推动在耶路撒冷以东的 E1 地区扩建定居点。
In recent days, the opening up of tenders for the construction of some 1,200 settlement homes on the strategically important land has brought widespread condemnation.
最近几天，在这片具有重要战略意义的土地上建造约1,200套定居点房屋的招标引起了广泛的谴责。
All settlements are illegal under international law and, under global pressure, Israel held off for decades on plans to build in the area.
根据国际法，所有定居点都是非法的，迫于全球压力，以色列数十年来一直推迟在该地区的建设计划。
After the recent announcement, the UN secretary general said they posed an "existential threat" to a future Palestinian state, while a joint statement by the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Canada said the plans were "unacceptable" and would "drive a wedge through the West Bank", a sentiment echoed by the European Union.
在最近宣布这一消息后，联合国秘书长表示，这些计划对未来的巴勒斯坦国构成了“生存威胁”，而英国、法国、德国、意大利和加拿大发表的联合声明表示，这些计划“不可接受”，并将“在约旦河西岸制造分裂”，欧盟也表达了同样的观点。
That was welcomed by Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, who called for the signatories to take "concrete measures to halt the implementation of the E1 plan".
巴勒斯坦权力机构主席马哈茂德·阿巴斯对此表示欢迎，他呼吁签署方采取“具体措施，停止实施E1计划”。
Along with Gaza and the Golan Heights, the West Bank was captured during the 1967 war against a coalition of Arab states. Israel has controlled it ever since.
1967 年，约旦河西岸与加沙和戈兰高地一起在针对阿拉伯国家联盟的战争中被占领。 从那时起，以色列就控制了它。
As occupied land, international law prohibits Israel from settling it. Despite that, the number of Israelis living there has grown over the years. Israel has built about 160 settlements housing 700,000 Jews since 1967.
作为被占土地，国际法禁止以色列定居。 尽管如此，居住在那里的以色列人数量多年来仍在增加。 自 1967 年以来，以色列已建造约 160 个定居点，容纳了 70 万犹太人。
There has been a notable increase in the speed of settlement construction since 2022, however, when Netanyahu returned to power at the head of a right-wing, pro-settler coalition, further escalating after the start of the Gaza war, triggered by Hamas's 7 October 2023 attack on Israel.
然而，自 2022 年内塔尼亚胡在右翼亲定居者联盟领导下重新掌权以来，定居点建设速度显着加快，哈马斯 2023 年 10 月 7 日袭击以色列引发的加沙战争爆发后，定居点建设进一步升级。
One example of this is Tzofim, a settlement in the north west of the territory, where BBC Verify analysis of satellite imagery shows the construction of around 185 new buildings since 2022.
其中一个例子是 Tzofim，这是该领土西北部的一个定居点，BBC Verify 对卫星图像的分析显示，自 2022 年以来，这里建造了约 185 座新建筑。
The same can be seen around Kochav Hashahar, where the existing settlement has been expanded in multiple directions, with construction of roads, houses and a new settler outpost on surrounding land.
在科查夫哈沙哈尔周围也可以看到同样的情况，那里现有的定居点已向多个方向扩展，在周围土地上修建了道路、房屋和新的定居者前哨基地。
Hundreds of outposts - illegal under Israeli and international law - have been established since the 1990s. Dozens of them have been retrospectively legalised by the government.
自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，已经建立了数百个前哨基地，这些哨所根据以色列和国际法都是非法的。 其中数十种已被政府追溯合法化。
Maybe the most contentious is the aforementioned E1 settlement. To understand why, you need to look at maps of its proposed location.
也许最具争议的是前面提到的 E1 和解协议。 要了解原因，您需要查看其建议位置的地图。
The development would in effect divide the West Bank in two and isolate East Jerusalem from the rest of the territory. Opponents of the project have warned that it would effectively block the establishment of a Palestinian state because it would cut off the north of the West Bank from the south, and prevent the development in the centre of a contiguous Palestinian urban area connecting Ramallah, East Jerusalem and Bethlehem.
这一发展实际上会将西岸一分为二，并将东耶路撒冷与该领土的其他地区隔离开来。 该项目的反对者警告说，该项目将有效阻止巴勒斯坦国的建立，因为它将切断西岸北部与南部的联系，并阻止连接拉马拉、东耶路撒冷和伯利恒的巴勒斯坦连续城市地区中心的开发。
Peace Now, an Israeli anti-settlement watchdog that has challenged the plans in court, said: "The government is trying to sign contracts with contractors before the (upcoming October) elections so that it will be much harder for the next government to cancel the construction."
以色列反定居点监管机构“Peace Now”在法庭上对这些计划提出质疑，该组织表示：“政府正试图在（即将到来的 10 月）选举之前与承包商签署合同，这样下一届政府就更难取消施工。”
It is not just settlements that have been expanding. Over the last few years, much of the responsibility for the administration of the West Bank has shifted from military control to a civilian authority headed by Bezalel Smotrich, the country's far right finance minister.
不断扩大的不仅仅是定居点。 过去几年，约旦河西岸的大部分管理责任已从军事控制转移到以该国极右翼财政部长贝扎莱尔·斯莫特里奇为首的文职当局。
This has led to a huge increase in the numbers of roads that cross the West Bank, connecting settlements but bisecting Palestinian towns and villages, something he said "ensures that the settlements will not remain on paper - but will be established on the ground".
这导致穿越西岸的道路数量大幅增加，连接定居点，但将巴勒斯坦城镇和村庄一分为二，他说这“确保定居点不会停留在纸上，而是在实地建立”。
In May of this year, the Israeli government announced more than a billion shekels ($360m; £246m) of funding for new road construction in the West Bank, with the intention of "strengthening of their grip on the territory", according to an official press release.
据官方新闻稿称，今年 5 月，以色列政府宣布为西岸新公路建设提供超过 10 亿谢克尔（3.6 亿美元；2.46 亿英镑）的资金，目的是“加强对这片领土的控制”。
There has also been an escalation of settler violence against Palestinians. Recently, two Palestinian homes were besieged by settlers, with their water and power cut, leading US Ambassador Mike Huckabee, usually a prominent supporter of settlements, to denounce the attack as a "criminal and terrorist act".
定居者针对巴勒斯坦人的暴力行为也有所升级。 最近，两处巴勒斯坦房屋被定居者包围，水电被切断，通常是定居点的著名支持者的美国大使迈克·哈卡比谴责这次袭击是“犯罪和恐怖行为”。
All taken together, it has led to fears from Palestinians in the West Bank and supporters of Palestinian statehood that the "facts on the ground" will render it unviable.
总而言之，这导致约旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦人和巴勒斯坦建国的支持者担心“当地的事实”将使该建国变得不可行。
According to some senior Israeli ministers, that is the strategy. Speaking in 2024, Smotrich said the construction of E1 would help "establish sovereignty in Judea and Samaria (a name for the occupied West Bank used by Israel), first on the ground and then through legislation… My life's mission is to thwart the establishment of a Palestinian state".
一些以色列高级部长表示，这就是战略。 斯莫特里奇在 2024 年发表讲话时表示，E1 的建设将有助于“在朱迪亚和撒马利亚（以色列占领的约旦河西岸的名称）建立主权，首先是在实地，然后通过立法......我一生的使命是阻止巴勒斯坦国的建立”。
The recent news that the tender has been put out for construction of E1, comes just a couple of months ahead of deeply consequential and tightly contested elections in Israel.
最近有消息称 E1 建设招标已经展开，距离以色列影响深远且竞争激烈的选举仅几个月。
Benjamin Netanyahu and his coalition partners will hope that moves like this appeal to their base and increase their chances of victory. If that is not possible, they may believe that settlement expansion has established new "facts on the ground", ones which cannot be undone.
本杰明·内塔尼亚胡和他的联盟伙伴希望这样的举措能够吸引他们的支持者并增加他们获胜的机会。 如果这是不可能的，他们可能会认为定居点扩张已经确立了新的“现实事实”，而这些事实是无法逆转的。
Additional reporting by Barbara Metzler, BBC Verify. Graphics by Tom Shiel and Mesut Ersoz.
BBC Verify 的芭芭拉·梅茨勒 (Barbara Metzler) 的补充报道。 图形由 Tom Shiel 和 Mesut Ersoz 绘制。
Israel re-establishes closed West Bank settlement, defying growing international protests
以色列不顾国际社会日益强烈的抗议，重新建立封闭的约旦河西岸定居点
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