France relaxes strict cheese-making rules after prolonged drought
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Beaufort is among the French cheeses to be covered by temporarily relaxed rules France has temporarily relaxed rules for making some of its best-known cheeses after the summer drought drastically reduced the amount of grass available to feed milk herds.
博福特奶酪是法国受临时放宽规定保护的奶酪之一 法国在夏季干旱大幅减少了用于喂养牛奶牛群的草地量后，暂时放宽了制作一些最知名奶酪的规定。
Government decrees to grant dispensations to manufacturers of Abondance, Beaufort and Comté cheeses - which come from mountains in eastern France - appeared on Wednesday.
政府颁布法令，授予来自法国东部山区的阿邦当斯、博福尔和孔泰奶酪制造商豁免权。
Several other cheeses are expected to receive similar waivers, allowing farmers to feed livestock with grass and hay brought in from outside their strict geographical zone.
预计还有几种奶酪将获得类似豁免，允许农民用从严格地理区域外运来的草和干草喂养牲畜。
These include Cantal, Bleu d'Auvergne, Fourme d'Ambert, Bleu du Vercors-Sassenage, Reblochon and the goats cheese Rocamadour.
这些包括康塔尔、奥弗涅蓝奶酪、安贝尔福尔姆奶酪、韦尔科尔-萨塞纳日蓝奶酪、雷布洛雄奶酪以及山羊奶酪罗卡马杜尔。
This summer's drought has left much of France's pastures parched The National Institute for Origin and Quality (INAO), which regulates France's labels of origin, has also approved temporary changes to the rules for other protected produce because of the effects of the summer heat.
今年夏天的干旱使法国大部分牧场干涸 负责监管法国原产地标签的国家原产地与质量研究所（INAO）也因夏季高温影响，批准了对其他受保护农产品的临时规则调整。
Products that will benefit include some types of Calvados and cider from Normandy, Crémant d'Alsace fizzy wine, lamb from Poitou-Charentes, and Reine-Claude plums.
将受益的产品包括诺曼底的一些类型的苹果白兰地和苹果酒，Crémant D'Alsace碳酸酒，Poitou-Charentes的羊肉和Reine-Claude李子。
Certificates of origin allow farmers to sell at a premium, but they come with strict regulations governing the location and method of production.
原产地证书允许农民以高价出售，但它们对生产地点和方法有严格的规定。
The aim is to preserve the unique identity of cheeses, wines and other foodstuffs, supposedly linked to their particular terroir - a French concept that links locality and tradition.
其目的是保留奶酪、葡萄酒和其他食品的独特特征，据说这些食品与当地和传统的法国概念有关。
Because of a 2026 drought - which the INAO now describes as "historic" - farmers are being allowed to bend the rules for a short period.
由于2026干旱-INAO现在将其描述为"历史性"-农民被允许在短时间内弯曲规则。
Makers of Abondance cheese in the Alps, for example, will be authorised to reduce the amount of pastured grass in their animals' diet from 50% to 15%.
例如，阿尔卑斯山的Abondance奶酪制造商将被授权将其动物饮食中的牧草量从50％减少到15％。
They will be entitled to import forage from outside their zone, and use some supplements.
他们将有权从他们的区域外进口饲料，并使用一些补充剂。
Makers of Comté cheese in the Jura mountains will be able to replace the local green maize they usually give to their cattle with maize from elsewhere. The derogations are allowed in French and European law for periods of exceptional weather.
汝拉山区的Comté奶酪制造商将能够用其他地方的玉米取代他们通常给牛的当地绿色玉米。 在特殊天气期间，法国和欧洲法律允许减损。
Similar measures came in after the dry summer of 2022.
在2022干燥的夏季之后，类似的措施也出现了。
It will be interesting to see if the changes lead to any detectable change in the taste or quality of the cheeses - or to the quantity produced and how it is priced. Longer term, the measures raise questions over the viability of the existing labels of origin in France and elsewhere.
有趣的是，看看这些变化是否会导致奶酪的味道或质量发生任何可检测的变化-或者生产的数量和定价方式。 从长远来看，这些措施引发了对法国及其他地区现有原产地标签可行性的质疑。
If changing climate means that certain foodstuffs can no longer be produced in their traditional localities, then the idea of terroir will be stretched to its limits.
如果气候变化导致某些食物无法在其传统产地生产，那么"风土"的概念将被推到极限。
France links sharp rise in drownings to heatwaves Wildfires in south-west France flare up as region braces for new 40C heatwave How cow showers and fans help farmers keep cattle cool
法国将溺水的急剧上升与热浪联系起来 法国西南部的野火爆发，作为新的40c热浪的区域支撑 奶牛淋浴和风扇如何帮助农民保持牛的凉爽
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