Big, noisy and coming to a town near you - why the data centre backlash is growing
0 / 43
English
中文
Big, noisy and coming to a town near you - why the data centre backlash is growing Until a few years ago many of us may have been blissfully unaware of what a data centre was.
（暂无翻译）
These giant, warehouse-like buildings power virtually all our internet activity, from our web searches and emails to movie downloads and online banking.
（暂无翻译）
They are at the heart of the AI boom, housing the advanced computer chips and servers needed to run services like ChatGPT and Claude.
（暂无翻译）
But the speed at which they're growing, the enormous amount of electricity they consume and concerns about their environmental impact are fuelling a public backlash around the world.
（暂无翻译）
In the US, they've become a huge issue ahead of the midterm elections on 3 November, with both Republicans and opposition Democrats coming out against their development.
（暂无翻译）
It's putting opponents of data centre expansion on a collision course with US President Donald Trump, who has dismissed the pushback as a "sick conspiracy", even as public anger grows.
（暂无翻译）
Here's what you need to know about the data centre boom, and why opposition is growing.
（暂无翻译）
There are about 12,250 data centres around the world, according to Data Center Map, external, a company that tracks both operational and pre-operational sites.
（暂无翻译）
That's up sharply from 2021, when there were around 8,000, external operational sites.
（暂无翻译）
As the chart below shows, data centres are most densely clustered in the US which has 4,767 sites.
（暂无翻译）
It is followed by Europe, where the UK and Germany lead. Data centres have typically been located near to cities where it's easier to access high voltage power lines or water resources for cooling.
（暂无翻译） （暂无翻译）
But as they get bigger, more are being built in rural areas. But when it comes to actual capacity, the US is ahead by a much larger margin, with China in second place and Europe lagging far behind.
（暂无翻译） （暂无翻译）
This gap is set to widen in the coming years, leading some to warn Europe risks missing out on the potential economic benefits of the AI boom, external.
（暂无翻译）
Data centres vary wildly in size, ranging from ones that fit inside a garden shed to others covering vast expanses of land.
（暂无翻译）
The world's largest operational data centre is widely reported to be one run by China Telecom in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, covering an area of approximately one million square metres (10.7 million sq ft).
（暂无翻译）
That is equivalent to about 140 Fifa football pitches. However, much larger sites are under construction as the graphic below shows.
（暂无翻译） （暂无翻译）
All these sites are being built exclusively to provide the immense computing power needed to run AI services.
（暂无翻译）
For instance, Colossus 2, which is part of the wider Colossus campus, will house hundreds of thousands of advanced AI chips made by tech giant Nvidia.
（暂无翻译）
It will also be used to train xAI's chatbot Grok.
（暂无翻译）
Elon Musk's company will use 41 methane gas turbines to help power the site, which activists say could "significantly increase" local air pollution, external. Local regulators say the turbines will meet air quality standards. The pressure data centres put on local resources has sparked increasing concern.
（暂无翻译） （暂无翻译） （暂无翻译）
These facilities can use significant amounts of water to cool their systems, which could lead to water shortages, some experts say. Data centres worldwide are also thought to consume more electricity than the whole of France, as the chart below shows.
（暂无翻译） （暂无翻译）
This growing hunger for power is driving up carbon emissions, analysis shows, while putting pressure on local grids, which some fear could push up energy prices.
（暂无翻译）
With others worried about the noise data centres make and the space they take up, a public backlash is gathering steam.
（暂无翻译）
Some 16 US states have proposed laws to ban or temporarily block new facilities, and it could be a key issue in November's midterm elections.
（暂无翻译）
Outside the US, opposition to data centres has emerged in countries like Mexico, France, Indonesia and the UK.
（暂无翻译）
But supporters say data centres are critical to national security, and the development of AI.
（暂无翻译）
They also say they are good for the economy, external, attracting investment, generating tax revenue and creating jobs in areas like construction.
（暂无翻译）
A recent report by the Brookings Center, external suggests data centres do create local jobs, although fewer than industry advocates claim.
（暂无翻译）
The type of data centre matters too.
（暂无翻译）
So-called hyperscale facilities - massive sites owned and run by tech giants like Amazon and Microsoft - have a bigger positive effect on jobs, it found. But "colocation" facilities, which lease space to remote tenants without a local presence, brought fewer benefits.
（暂无翻译） （暂无翻译）
As the debate over their merits intensifies, the data centre rollout continues.
（暂无翻译）
This year, the tech industry is expected to spend a combined $765bn, external ($544bn) on AI infrastructure in 2026, with this topping $1tn next year.
（暂无翻译）
But as concerns about the environmental impact grow, the tech industry is exploring alternatives.
（暂无翻译）
One idea is to put data centres in space, external or on the Moon, where they could harness abundant solar energy.
（暂无翻译）
Others predict that more AI processing could eventually be carried out by the hardware already inside our computers and smartphones, reducing the need for vast data centres altogether.
（暂无翻译）
Additional reporting and design by Erwan Rivault, Matt Faraci and Dominic Bailey.
（暂无翻译）
仅供学习使用，如有侵权请联系删除 · 查看原文