Allan Little: I met dangerously fanatical Mladić early in Bosnian war
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Bosnian Serb commander Ratko Mladić, dubbed the "Butcher of Bosnia" for his actions during the Balkan wars of the 1990s, has died in prison.
波斯尼亚塞族指挥官拉特科·姆拉迪奇，因其在1990年代巴尔干战争中的行为被称为"波斯尼亚屠夫"，已在狱中去世。
BBC special correspondent Allan Little was there throughout the breakup of the former Yugoslavia, and met Mladić in the early months of the Bosnian war.
BBC特派记者艾伦·利特尔在前南斯拉夫解体期间一直到场，并在波斯尼亚战争初期与姆拉迪奇会面。
At night, you could watch the fires of ethnic cleansing across the landscape. The flames provided the only light under the night sky and the black valley would glimmer with flecks of orange.
夜晚，你可以看到种族清洗的火焰遍布整个大地。 火焰是夜空下唯一的光源，黑色山谷中闪烁着橙色的斑点。
You could watch the men of our village move about silently in the shadows of their homes, each armed with some ancient weapon salvaged from wars long ago and, like the fears and the suspicions and the distrusts, handed down through the generations.
你可以看到我们村里的男人在家的阴影下默默行动，每个人都携带着从久远战争中回收的古老武器，这些武器像恐惧、猜疑和不信任一样，代代相传。
One morning I watched a procession of men and women emerge from a forest. They had been driven from their homes two days earlier and had fled with what they could carry.
一天早晨，我看到一队男女从森林中走出。 两天前他们被赶出家园，带着能带走的东西逃离。
Most were on foot. Some were crammed into the back of ancient farm vehicles drawn by donkeys. There were perhaps 40,000 of them. Their home town had fallen to a Serb advance that had come without warning.
大多数人都是徒步。 有些被挤进了由驴子拉动的古老农用车辆后备箱。 大约有4万人。 他们的家乡遭遇了毫无预警的塞尔维亚军队进攻。
Among them, one man seemed close to collapse. He stopped to speak to us.
其中，有一个人似乎快要倒下了。 他停下来和我们说话。
The whole town had fled, he said. He had become separated from his wife in the long trek to safety and was now worried that she had not made it. His pale, almost translucently white skin was stretched across the bones of his face like parchment. His forehead was livid blue from a fall.
他说整个镇子都逃离了。 在漫长的安全跋涉中，他和妻子分居了，现在担心她没能成功。 他苍白的，几乎半透明的白色皮肤像羊皮纸一样伸展在他脸上的骨头上。 他的额头因跌倒而变得铁青.
I asked him how old he was. He said he was 80. "May I ask" I said, "are you a Croat or a Muslim?"
我问他多大了。 他说他80岁。 "请问，"我说，"你是克罗地亚人还是穆斯林？"
The memory of it shames me even now as I hear, in my mind, his answer echo down the years.
它的记忆让我感到羞愧，即使现在我听到，在我的脑海里，他的回答回荡了岁月。
Our convenient ethnic shorthand reduced them to Serbs, Croats and Muslims. But they were also musicians and scientists and doctors and plumbers and farmers and mothers and fathers and brothers and sisters and very often children.
我们方便的族群简称将他们简化为塞尔维亚人、克罗地亚人和穆斯林。 但他们也是音乐家、科学家、医生、水管工、农民、母亲、父亲、兄弟姐妹，甚至很多时候是孩子。
Two women at the Srebrenica-Potocari memorial and cemetery for victims of the Srebrenica massacre in 1995 I met Mladić in that first hot summer of the war in Bosnia.
1995年斯雷布雷尼察-波托卡里纪念碑及墓地的两名女性，纪念斯雷布雷尼察大屠杀受害者 我在波斯尼亚战争的第一个炎热夏天遇见了姆拉迪奇。
We were at Lukavica barracks on the southern edge of Sarajevo. The barracks was awash with weapons and the menacing strut of the paramilitaries. You could buy a Kalashnikov for 200 dollars, a hand grenade for just one dollar – the same price, I would soon learn, as the cost of a fresh egg in the besieged city.
我们当时在萨拉热窝南缘的卢卡维察军营。 军营里充斥着武器和准军事人员的威严步伐。 你只需200美元就能买到一把卡拉什尼科夫，一枚手榴弹只需一美元——我很快会发现，这和被围困城市里买一个新鲜鸡蛋的价格差不多。
I shook his hand and he held it fast and pulled me in close.
我握了握他的手，他紧紧握着，把我拉近。
He told me he had just come back from the Sarajevo city centre front line and I saw that he was pumped up by the exhilarating proximity of the fighting. He held my hand for many minutes, fixed me with his eye and told me he was the great defender of brotherhood and unity in former Yugoslavia, and that he dreamed of a world in which there would no guns and no war.
他告诉我他刚从萨拉热窝市中心前线回来，我看到他被激烈的战斗逼近而士气高昂。 他握着我的手好几分钟，用眼睛盯着我，告诉我他是前南斯拉夫兄弟情谊与团结的伟大捍卫者，他梦想着一个没有枪支、没有战争的世界。
He struck me then as fanatical, dangerously so. In the years that lay ahead, forces under his command committed the worst war crimes on European soil since the Nazis.
当时他给我的感觉是狂热的，危险的程度。 在接下来的岁月里，他指挥的部队犯下了自纳粹以来在欧洲土地上最严重的战争罪行。
They bequeathed to the lexicon of war a grim new euphemism - ethnic cleansing. They committed mass murder, extermination, mass rape, forced expulsions. They burned village after village, all in the name of creating an ethnically put Serbian territory in Croatia and Serbia. Ultimately, at Srebrenica, they committed genocide. Two days after I had met the old musician on that damp muddy roadside, I found myself drawn into the passions of the war in a personal and – at the time – devastating way.
他们给战争词汇留下了一个严峻的新委婉说法-种族清洗。 他们犯下了大规模谋杀，灭绝，大规模强奸，强迫驱逐。 他们烧毁了一个又一个村庄，所有这些都是为了在克罗地亚和塞尔维亚建立一个种族上的塞尔维亚领土。 最终，他们在斯雷布雷尼察犯下了种族灭绝罪。 两天后，我遇到了老音乐家在潮湿的泥泞的路边，我发现自己陷入了战争的激情在个人和-在时间-毁灭性的方式。
My cameraman, Tihomir Tunukovic, a man I had known and worked alongside during the previous 18 months, was killed by a Serb gunner on a ridge above the road he was driving on.
我的摄影师Tihomir Tunukovic是我在过去18个月里认识并一起工作的人，在他驾驶的道路上方的山脊上被一名塞族炮手杀死。
We had parted earlier that morning. He was 25 years old, a talented and ambitious young film maker from Zagreb. We drove his body back along the rutted mountain pathways to the coastal city of Split.
那天早上我们已经分手了。 他25岁，来自萨格勒布的一位才华横溢，雄心勃勃的年轻电影制片人。 我们沿着崎岖的山路开车把他的尸体运回了沿海城市斯普利特。
We broke our hearts at his funeral. The grief of it connected us to the sentiments of the war – the impulse to vengeance and counter vengeance – that were so much a feature of what we were witnessing. General Mladić did not pull the trigger but his command created an atmosphere of wanton permissiveness which cost tens of thousands of lives.
我们在他的葬礼上心碎了。 这份悲痛将我们与战争的情感——复仇与反复复仇的冲动——联系在一起，这正是我们所目睹的景象中不可或缺的一部分。 姆拉迪奇将军没有扣动扳机，但他的指挥营造出了肆意放纵的氛围，导致数万人丧生。
Convicted Bosnian Serb war criminal Mladić dies aged 84 The monstrous crimes of Ratko Mladic, the 'Butcher of Bosnia' 'We're worried about our future': Srebrenica massacre's tensions still felt 30 years on
被定罪的波斯尼亚塞族战犯姆拉迪奇去世，享年84岁 拉特科·姆拉迪奇，"波斯尼亚屠夫"的骇人罪行 "我们担心未来"：斯雷布雷尼察大屠杀的紧张局势在30年后依然存在
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